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Registering a business in the Philippines involves a series of mandatory legal and administrative steps to establish a corporate entity and ensure compliance with local regulations. The process typically begins with securing business name approval from the Department of Trade and Industry. Next, you must draft and notarize the company's Articles of Incorporation and By-laws, which detail ownership and governance structure. Following this, the company is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission to obtain its primary license to operate. Subsequent steps include registration for a Tax Identification Number (TIN) with the Bureau of Internal Revenue, securing a business permit from the local city or municipality, and obtaining necessary industry-specific clearances from agencies like the FDA or DENR if applicable. Common business structures include sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, or a One Person Corporation, each with distinct requirements and liability implications.

Expatriates working in the Philippines primarily require a work visa sponsored by their employing company, with the 9(g) Pre-Arranged Employment Visa being the most common and standard type. This visa is for foreign nationals with a pre-arranged contract with a Philippine-based employer and is valid for an initial period of one to three years, renewable thereafter. For executives, managers, or specialists of companies registered with investment-promotion agencies like the Board of Investments or the Philippine Economic Zone Authority, the 47(a)(2) Visa is applicable and often provides additional incentives. Other relevant categories include the Special Investor’s Resident Visa for substantial investors and the Treaty Trader’s Visa for nationals of countries with specific trade agreements. Beyond the work visa itself, expatriates must also secure an Alien Employment Permit from the Department of Labor and Employment, which validates the necessity of their role, and a Certificate of Residence for Tax Purposes from the Bureau of Internal Revenue.

Operating a business in the Philippines often requires securing specialized permits from specific government agencies, depending on the industry and activities of the company. The most common specialized permits include the License to Operate from the Food and Drug Administration for businesses involved in food, drugs, cosmetics, and medical devices. Companies whose operations impact the environment must obtain an Environmental Compliance Certificate from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Businesses engaged in import, export, or manufacturing may need clearances from the Bureau of Customs or the Department of Trade and Industry. Certain sectors, like pharmaceuticals or construction, require accreditation from their respective professional regulatory boards. Additionally, local government units issue zoning permits, occupancy permits, and fire safety inspection certificates, which are mandatory regardless of industry. It is critical to identify all applicable regulatory bodies early in the business setup process to avoid compliance issues and operational delays.